What Is a Cranial Prosthesis? Medical Wigs Explained | Complete Guide

What Is a Cranial Prosthesis?

A cranial prosthesis is a medical-grade wig designed specifically for people who have lost their hair due to medical conditions or treatments such as chemotherapy, alopecia, burns or radiation therapy. Unlike standard wigs, cranial prostheses are custom-fitted to the individual, made with hypoallergenic materials and designed for sensitive scalps. They may be partially funded through the NHS or private health insurance.

Updated March 2026 · 5 min read

How It Differs from a Standard Wig

Custom fit: Made to your exact head measurements rather than a standard size.
Medical-grade materials: Hypoallergenic cap lining designed for sensitive, post-treatment scalps.
Silicone gripper lining: Many cranial prostheses have a silicone-lined interior that holds the piece securely without needing clips or adhesive, which is important for scalps with no hair to grip.
Prescribed: Can be prescribed by a medical professional, making it eligible for NHS funding or insurance claims.
Specialist fitting: Fitted by a trained cranial prosthesis specialist, not just a wig retailer.

Who Are They Designed For?

Cancer patients experiencing hair loss from chemotherapy or radiation
People with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis (complete hair loss)
Those with hair loss from burns, scarring or skin conditions
People with trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling)
Anyone whose hair loss is medically caused and needs a comfortable, secure solution

The Fitting Process

Referral or self-referral: Your GP, oncologist or dermatologist can refer you. You can also approach a cranial prosthesis specialist directly.
Consultation: A private, sensitive discussion about your needs, preferences and timeline (especially if hair loss hasn't started yet).
Measurement and templating: Precise head measurements and sometimes a plaster cast or template of your head shape.
Colour and style matching: If possible, matching to your natural hair (bring photos from before hair loss began).
Fitting and adjustment: Once the prosthesis is made, it's fitted, trimmed and styled to suit you.

Many specialists recommend starting the process before hair loss begins (for example, before chemotherapy starts) so that colour and style can be matched accurately.

NHS Availability

The NHS provides wigs for medical hair loss, but the service varies significantly by region:

England: Prescription charge of approximately £31 per wig. You can usually get one or two per year.
Scotland and Wales: Free of charge.
Quality varies: NHS wigs range from basic synthetic to reasonable quality. Some NHS trusts offer better options than others.
Waiting times: There can be a waiting list depending on your area.

Many people choose to go private for a better quality prosthesis, better fitting experience and more choice. Some private health insurance policies cover cranial prostheses when prescribed.

Private Cost in the UK

Synthetic cranial prosthesis: £200 to £800
Human hair cranial prosthesis: £800 to £3,000
Custom-made premium: £1,500 to £3,000+

Care & Maintenance

Wash gently with specialist wig shampoo (or sulphate-free shampoo for human hair)
Air dry on a wig stand; avoid excessive heat on synthetic pieces
Clean the silicone lining regularly to maintain grip
Store properly when not in use to maintain shape
Book periodic check-ups with your specialist for adjustments

How to Find a Specialist

Look for cranial prosthesis credentials. Not all wig specialists are trained in medical prosthetics. Ask about specific cranial prosthesis qualifications.
Hospital partnerships. Many specialists work alongside NHS hospitals and oncology departments, which is a good indicator of credibility.
Sensitive environment. A good specialist will offer a private, compassionate consultation space and take the time you need.
Reviews from medical patients. Look for reviews from people in similar medical situations, not just cosmetic wig reviews.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a cranial prosthesis and a regular wig?+

A cranial prosthesis is custom-made to medical specifications for people whose hair loss is caused by a medical condition or treatment. It's designed for sensitive or irritated scalps, uses medical-grade materials and is fitted by a specialist. A regular wig is a general cosmetic product that doesn't account for medical needs. Insurance and NHS funding are typically only available for cranial prostheses, not off-the-shelf wigs.

Can I get a cranial prosthesis on the NHS?+

In some cases, yes. If your hair loss is caused by a medical condition or medical treatment, your GP or consultant can refer you. In England, you'll pay a prescription charge (currently around £31). In Scotland and Wales, NHS wigs are free. Availability and quality vary by NHS trust, and there may be a waiting list.

How much does a cranial prosthesis cost privately?+

Private cranial prostheses typically cost £500 to £3,000 in the UK, depending on whether the hair is synthetic or human, the cap construction and whether it's custom-made. Some health insurance policies cover part or all of the cost if prescribed by a medical professional.

How long does a cranial prosthesis last?+

A human hair cranial prosthesis typically lasts 1 to 2 years with careful maintenance. Synthetic versions last 6 to 12 months. The lifespan depends on daily wear, how well it's maintained and the quality of the construction.

Is a cranial prosthesis comfortable on a sensitive scalp?+

Yes, they're specifically designed with comfort in mind. The cap interior uses soft, hypoallergenic materials. The construction is lightweight and breathable. Many are designed for scalps that are sensitive from chemotherapy, radiation or medical conditions. Your specialist will ensure the fit doesn't cause irritation.